Khorezm Fortresses: Uzbekistan’s Desert Castles (January 2026 Update)
The Elliq Qala (“50 Fortresses”) in the Kyzylkum Desert—spanning Khorezm Region and Karakalpakstan—feature crumbling mud-brick ruins of ancient Khorezm, some dating to the 7th century BC. These remote Silk Road outposts, on UNESCO’s Tentative List, offer raw adventure with few tourists.
No major changes by early 2026; sites remain free or low-fee (~10,000–20,000 UZS informal). Private day tours from Khiva cost $30–60 USD per car (up to 4 people) for 5–10 qalas.
How to Visit
- Best base: Khiva (day trips) or Nukus/Beruniy.
- Tours: Private driver/guide recommended (e.g., Islambek Travel or Advantour). 5-qala tour ~$30–40; 10-qala ~$40–60 (2025 prices; slight increases possible).
- Independent: Rent a 4×4 or use Maps.me for off-road tracks.
Top Fortresses to Visit
- Ayaz Qala — Most iconic hilltop complex (4th BC–7th AD); stunning views. Nearby yurt camp option.
- Toprak Qala — Former royal capital (1st–4th AD); excavated palace ruins with partial reconstructions.
- Kyzyl Qala (“Red Fortress”) — Well-preserved/renovated defensive site near Toprak.
- Janbas Qala — Vast 4th BC ruins with sand-dune interiors; atmospheric favorite.
- Chilpik Qala (near Nukus) — Zoroastrian “Tower of Silence” dakhma with Amu Darya views.
Others: Guldursun, Koi Kirilgan (circular temple), Kirkkiz pair.
Tips
- Best time: Spring (Mar–May) or autumn (Sep–Oct); avoid summer heat/winter cold.
- Bring water, snacks, sunscreen, sturdy shoes.
- Overnight at Ayaz Qala yurt camp for desert stars.
Questions on tours, routes, or combining with Aral Sea/Khiva? Ask below!